Tiger Snake for Breakfast

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Tiger Snake: an unlikely breakfast?

Gold Coast naturalist David Fleay recalls the time, collecting snakes for Commonwealth Serum Laboratories anti-venene research, he and his companion hit on the idea of the snake as food.

Moira Lakes upstream from Echuca, along the big bend of the Murray crawls with snakes.

Only droughts knock their numbers back and even these natural disasters serve merely as temporary checks.

I first came across this 'snakiest' place in all Australia in 1926 as a wandering kid on a push bike marveling at first of the river swamps and their mighty flocks of birds.

Those days, local Aborigines had not been pushed into settlements but hunted happily as of yore. They speared cod from hollowed out redgum craft and lived in humpies.

Bu the Tiger Snakes, then as now, dominated the scene -- a fact forcibly noticeable when the snow waters flooded down in October, isolating box ridges and the higher river banks for weeks or even  months at a time.

Then, if so inclined, you didn't need to go on a binge at Barmah Pub to get the horrors.

Landings on flood-girt high spots in the morning sun began an all-pervading series of slitherers, accompanied by the incredible spectacle of the Tigers by the score racing into piled up debris.

Less fortunate snakes sun-basked three, six, 10 or 13 metres above water level in and about the loose bark of ancient isolated eucalypts.

No wonder in later days of antivenene work, we could amass 80 to 100 'milkers' in a morning's work.

One evening, by the camp fire with snake bags full and tied and passing night herons attempting to croak above the mighty roar of amorous frogs, my mate speculated about Burke and Wills.

In their desperate need for some form of sustenance, had they ever  considered snake as food? That did it, for, tough as we reckoned we were, we'd never tested such a possibility ourselves.

Next morning, a passing tiger snake was killed, beheaded, skinned and cleaned.

The fact that our victim carried parasitic nematode worms packed in its stomach almost halted the culinary experiment, but curiosity triumphed and the carcass was then boiled for 15 minutes in salty water.

Finally we fried our quarry in butter and sat on a log for a tiger snake breakfast.

Still not quite convinced we'd removed the very potent venom by decapitation, my mate said his only grace before a meal for the entire trip!

However, almost immediately his apprehensions to eat the tiger snake vanished like the mists of morning.

That fat old Tiger was delicious - a kind of cross flavour between fish, eel and chicken.

It was completely consumed and we didn't even begin to hiss.

Considering that canned Rattlesnake sells from the shelves in USA and crocodile meat has its devotees, why not Tiger Snake fillets or Mulga munchies for Australian gourmets?

What a marvelous idea for the money-spinning entrepreneurs of Surfer's Paradise!

Tiger Snake Envenomation

First Aid for tiger snake envenomation is pressure-immobilization

The snakes in the group defined here are grouped together because of similarity in clinical aspects of the envenomations they may cause. Several genera are represented, and among the species included are:

  • Mainland Tiger Snake
  • Black Tiger Snake
  • Rough-Scaled Snake
  • Copperheads
  • Pale-Headed Snake
  • Broad-Headed Snake
  • Stephen's Banded Snake
  • Small-Eyed Snake

Signs and Symptoms

Tiger snake venom has a wide range of effects on humans. It contains pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurotoxins, myotoxins and procoagulants. Significant envenomation by any species of this group may result in:

  1. Neurological impairment
  2. Paralysis
  3. Incoaguable blood
  4. Rhabdomyolysis
  5. Renal failure secondary to myolysis

Treatment

First aid for tiger snake envenomation consists of a pressure bandage and immobilisation. In cases where a pressure bandage has been applied correctly, it can be left in situ indefinitely while the patient is feeling no discomfort as a result. If it becomes appropriate to remove a pressure bandage, it is necessary to have antivenom and haemostatic support ready. In severe cases, a patient may require ventilatory support.

Antivenom is indicated for any clinical manifestations of neurotoxicity, myolysis or severe coagulopathy.

Antivenom

Tiger snake antivenom can be used effectively for envenomation by any of the species listed above.

Tiger snake antivenom supplied by CSL Ltd is equine in origin.

Common Tiger Snake

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Notechis scutatus or the Common Tiger Snake

The Common Tiger Snake is found in Victoria and southern New South Wales, extending up into south-eastern Queensland. Tiger Snakes are often found in close proximity to water sources. This is because this is where you find one of their favourite foods - frogs. Tiger snakes numbers seem to have declined in recent years. This has been attributed to two reasons. One, Tiger Snakes often mistake poisonous Cane Toads for an edible frog and die after eating a toad. And two, with global frog numbers decreasing, some Tiger Snake populations are finding it hard to find food.

Prior to the development of antivenom, half of all bites from Tiger Snakes proved to be fatal. The venom contains multiple components, some attacking the nervous system, some targeting the blood system, and others attacking muscles.

Even though this group is second only to the Brown Snakes in terms of the number of deaths they've caused, if proper first aid is applied it's extremely unlikely to die from a Tiger Snake bite nowadays.

Did you know...

  • Prior to the development of antivenom, half of all bites from Tiger Snakes proved to be fatal.
  • The venom contains multiple components, some attacking the nervous system, some targeting the blood system, and others attacking muscles.
  • Tiger snakes numbers seem to have declined in recent years. This might be because tiger snakes often mistake poisonous cane toads for an edible frog.

Where in Australia Common Tiger Snake dwells:

Common tiger snake group is second only to the brown snakes in terms of the number of deaths they've caused in Australia.

Chappell Island Tiger Snake

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Notechis ater serventyi or the Chappell Island Tiger Snake

The Chappell Island Tiger Snake comes from Chappell Island in the Bass Strait. This is a very inhospitable place to live, and the Chappell Island Tiger has several adaptations to ensure its survival. The Islands in the Bass Strait are known for their severe winters.

To counteract this, the dark colour of these snakes helps the animals warm quickly when lying in the sun. At night the snakes will take shelter in the burrows of the Mutton Birds that nest on the Island. During a brief breeding season of these Mutton Birds (2 to 3 months per year) is the only time the Chappell Island Tigers get to feed. The snakes' bodies have adapted to tolerate this gorge of oil from the chicks and then live off it for the remaining 9 to 10 months, until the next mutton bird season.

There is no fresh water on this Island, so the snakes get their fluid either from their food, or by licking dew in the mornings. The Chappell Island Tiger Snake is recognised as the largest species of Tiger Snake, reaching a length of 2 metres. As with all Tiger Snakes the Chappell Island Tiger produces live babies, often in excess of 20. Because of the cold climate, it makes more sense for these animals to be live bearers - as the female regulates her temperature by basking or snuggling beside the Mutton Birds, she is also regulating the temperature of her offspring.

Did you know...

  • The Chappell Island tiger snake is recognised as the largest species of tiger snake, reaching a length of 2 metres.
  • These snakes are dark to warm up quickly in the sun as it is very cold on Chappell Island.
  • The snakes' bodies have adapted to tolerate this gorge of oil from the chicks and then live off it for the remaining 9 to 10 months, until the next mutton bird season.

Where Chappell Island Tiger Snakes are found in Australia:

Chappell Island tiger snake only get to feed during the brief breeding season of the mutton birds (2 to 3 months per year) that breed on the island

Peninsular Tiger Snake

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Notechis ater niger or the Peninsular Tiger Snake

The Peninsular Tiger Snake is found on Eyre Peninsula and on the islands of South Australia, such as Kangaroo Island. They shelter in disused seabird burrows, as well as under rocks, dense vegetation, and fallen timber . The venom of the Peninsula Tiger Snake is actually more toxic than the venom of the Common Tiger Snake. It is also five times more toxic than that of the Indian Cobra.

The diet of the Peninsular Tiger Snake is varied, depending on where it comes from. Some Islands contain many species of birds, whilst other Islands might only have lizards to offer the Tiger Snakes as a source of food. Often when subduing a rodent or bird, the Peninsular Tiger Snake will throw a loop of its body around the prey and constrict it while the venom takes effect. This is similar to the way pythons constrict their prey. The Peninsular Tiger Snake grows to a little over 1 metre. As with other Tiger Snakes they produce live young, with up to 20 in a litter.

Did you know...

  • Often when subduing a rodent or bird, the peninsular tiger snake will throw a loop of its body around the prey and constrict it while the venom takes effect. This is similar to the way pythons constrict their prey.
  • The venom of the peninsula tiger snake is actually more toxic than the venom of the Common Tiger Snake. It is also five times more toxic than that of the Indian Cobra.

Where in Australia Peninsular Tiger Snakes dwell:

The peninsular tiger snake produce live young, with up to 20 in a litter.

Slithering and Biting: The Tiger Snake Files

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Australia's tiger snake has a broad head and heavy built.

This snake is a venomous specie that had its fair share of mortality incidents in Australia, primarily in the southern areas. Tiger snakes  have a variety of colours, and there is a wide difference of characteristics of tiger snakes depending on where they dwell. They are also classified according to the island or region where they live.

When annoyed or under the sun, tiger snakes flatten their whole body. Tiger snake are a venomous snake specie. One of the many distinctions of Tiger snakes from its snake relatives is that they give live birth, usually between 12 - 40. Tiger snakes also dwell in suburban areas. Treating snakebites

Tiger snake's potent neurotoxin (notexin) makes it on the world's list of most deadly snakes. Symptoms of a bite include pain in the foot and neck region, tingling, numbness, and sweating, proceeded by rapid onset of breathing difficulties and paralysis. Death rate for this species is over 60% if not treated.

The Pressure Immobilization Method is used to stop the flow of venom through the lymphatic system. Medics employ broad thick bandages applied over the bite site, and down and back along the limb to the armpit or groin. The victim's affected limb is immobilized with a splint. In the event that traces are left near the wound, the medics can identify the type of venom. If you're bitten in Tasmania, you do not need to name the specific type of snake, for the same anti-venom is used to treat all Tasmanian snakes' bites. The availability of anti-venom in most centers has resulted to the great reduction of fatal tiger snake bite incidents.

Identifying tiger snakes

Identifying a Tiger snake means you should keep in mind that color will not likely to take you further because it's not a very reliable method of identifying such snake. The reason for this lies in the large number of acceptable colors for tiger snake species. The best way to identify the Tiger snake is with a scale count or venom test kit, which is, unfortunately, One need to have contact first with the cold slithering and rubbery creature (and biting, if I may add). This is why, for most people, colour-identifying is much preferable.

Tiger Snake

Fatal Four

Australia's Deadliest Snakes

Apart from its fantastic beaches, the world famous Sydney Opera House, and surfing sites, Australia is also famous for nesting deadly animals, venomous snakes in particular. While most people flinch upon the mention of these exotic creatures, others have gone to full extent of studying their nature and their contribution to Australia's diverse ecosystem. This fearless research has led to the discovery of four of Australia's deadliest snakes.

Australia's Deadliest Snakes 1: Inland Taipan

While the Inland Taipan has the most potent venom of any land snake on earth, it is surprisingly shy in nature. It's venom is overwhelmingly potent that the nervous system is severely affected when in the bloodstream. Symptoms are vomiting, flaccid paralysis, and eventual respiratory paralysis - simply one of Australia's deadliest snakes.

The Inland Taipan dwells in rat burrows (and had probably eaten its tenants). They are also found in deep soil cracks and sink holes, sometimes in rock crevices and deep fissures. The snake's favorite food is mostly small to medium-sized mammals. They are most active on the surface in the early half of the morning when it bask. During cooler temperatures, it's active in the afternoon, and in hot weather it shifts as a nocturnal.

Australia's Deadliest Snakes 2: Eastern Brown Snake

There can be only one snake that comes in mind when words like who's-responsible-for-most-deaths-caused-by-snakebite-in-Australia, and that is the Eastern Brown Snake. Even with the efficient first-aid treatment and anti-venom aids, still there one or two deaths every year.

A large adult brown snake may exceed two meters in length. They can move at surprising speed on hot days. Eastern Brown Snake has a slender body and varies in color ranging from uniform tan to grey or dark brown. Their belly is cream, yellow, or pale orange with darker orange spots.

Spring finds male brown snakes engaged in a ritualized combat dance with one snake trying to dominate and dethrone each other. Like with other animal rituals, the triumphant will have the right to  mate with the females, who will then lay up to 30 eggs in late spring or in the beginning of summer.

Australia's Deadliest Snakes 3: Coastal Taipan

Coastal Taipans are large snakes dwelling in Australia, Irian Jaya, and Papua New Guinea. They are fast diurnal types that track down their prey in a quick and efficient method. The coastal taipan comes in a pale to dark brown in color and black fading to a lateral cream, although juveniles are lighter in color.

Australia's Deadliest Snakes 4: Mainland Tiger Snake

Tiger snakes give live birth, usually between 12 - 40. Tiger Snakes prefer to live close to water where they feed primarily on frogs.

Tiger snake's potent neurotoxin (notexin) makes it one of the world's deadliest snake species. You know you're bitten when you feel symptoms like pain in the foot and neck region, tingling, numbness, and sweating, proceeded by rapid onset of breathing difficulties and paralysis. The aforementioned factors were enough to simply categorize the tiger snake as one of Australia's deadliest snakes.

Australia's Deadliest Snakes

Australian Venomous Snake

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Snake Identification

Did you know that 20 of the 25 most venomous snakes in the world are found in Australia?

Australia is the only continent where venomous snakes (70%) outnumber non-venomous ones. Australia's deadliest snakes are the brown snakes (responsible for around 60% of deaths caused by snakebite) and the venomous land snake on Earth (tested on mice) is the Inland Taipan found in arid regions of central Australia.

Snake Identification 101

According to Tropical Topics newsletter produced by Stella Martin at the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, there are six main snake families in Australia--elapids (venomous snakes, the largest group), colubrids ( mostly 'harmless' snakes) pythons, blindsnakes, file snakes and sea snakes.

Snake Identification: Serpent Classification

A major classification of Australian venomous snakes taken from the University of Sydney Discipline of Anaesthesia community articles include Brown Snake, (Eastern, Gwardir, Dugite), Taipan, Tiger Snake, Death Adder, Copperhead, King Brown Snake (Mulga snake), Redbellied Black Snake, Rough Scaled Snake, and Inland Taipan (Small Scaled snake).

Snake Identification: Snakes and Venoms

Snake identification or description is very crucial because not all snakes are venomous, and because different kinds of anti-venom exist for every specie of snake. For snake identification, doctors may use a Snake Venom Detection Kit (SVDK) to examine the traces of venom left in the bitten area.

It is estimated that between 50,000 and 60,000 people die of snake bite each year around the world. By comparison, in Australia, it is estimated snakebites incidence are between 3 and 18 per 100,000 with an average mortality rate of 4 per 100,000 every year.

Snake Identification: Death and Causes

Some deaths are sudden, however it is uncommon to die within four hours of a snake bite. If untreated, high levels of venom could cause death in a short time. Despite of this, very few deaths result from snake bites because of the availability and wide access to anti-venom in recent years.

Snake venoms are a complex mixture of polypeptide and other molecules that adversely affect multiple homeostatic systems within their prey in a highly specific and targeted manner. Amongst the most potently toxic venoms in the world are these major Australian venomous snakes, and so snake identification has become a crucial part of survival among the snake-bite victims.

Snake Identification: Impact on Culture

These hypercarnivore reptiles are celebrated for centuries in history and religion as a highly-symbolic animal. Modern studies have been made to understand there biology and behavior. Snakes are shy by nature and will only bite animals or humans if they feel threatened or looking for food. Subsequently, most snakebites occur when people try to catch or kill them.

Snake Identification